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Home → Articles → Chemistry → Making Stuff Out of Atoms

Making Stuff Out of Atoms

Posted on November 5, 2013 by Lynn Charles Rathbun

Everything is made of atoms. So to make anything, you need to start off with atoms. Usually a lot of atoms. A whole lot of atoms. What is the smallest thing that you can see with just your eyes? Maybe a grain of salt. Well that grain of salt is made of a lot of atoms, about 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (a million, million, million or a quintillion). With so many atoms laying around, why do scientists want to make things out of just a few atoms?

Sometimes when you make something out of just a few atoms, they do remarkable things. This is the reason why scientists are so excited about nanotechnology. Using nanotechnology you can make things out of a few atoms which can do things that you can’t do any other way. For example, inside of your computer is a chip and inside of that chip are lots of really tiny switches. They are called transistors. Inside, this chip has about 100,000,000 tiny switches. That is a lot of switches but in a few years that won’t be enough! These switches are so small that you can put 1,000 of them across the width of a hair.

Scientists make these tiny switches using a process called photolithography. But in the future we will need something different. We need to make switches out of a few atoms. Sound impossible? Well it is already being done. Scientists have made switches out of a few atoms, a switch about one nanometer in size. That means we can fit 100,000 of them across the width of a hair. And we can put a hundred-times more of them into our computer chip.

Image Source: Cornell University (McEuen)

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Prof. Carl Batt Cornell University, Editor
Emily Maletz, Emily Maletz Graphic Design, Designer
Lynn Rathbun, CNF Laboratory Manager

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